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Admixture :- Sometime some material are added in concrete to improve few properties and to get required result these material added are known as admixture . These are either added at the time of grinding of cement or added during mixing of concrete or different substances used to alter the properties are known as admixtures . Admixture are material other than the basics ingredients of concrete -cement , water and aggregates added to the concrete mix immedietly before or during mixing to modify one or more of the specific properties of concrete in the fresh or hardened concrete . Trades name of admixture :- 1) Muraplast -Fk-61 2) Vinsol resin darox 3) Conplast 4) Dr. Fixit Function of admixture or purpose of Admixture :- 1) It helps to reduce required quality of concrete . 2) It also helps to resist chemical action like corrosion of steel etc . 3) It helps in improving durability . 4) It helps in improving various strength such as compressive ,flexural etc. 5...

Non - destructive testing of concrete :       The test which are carried out for existing completed structure without destructing the member to investigate , crack ,depth , durability , strength etc. are called as non -destructive testing . Advantages of non destructive testing :- Strength of existing structure can be found out . No wastage of concrete . NDT is quicker method of inspection of fault . The test component is not destructed , hence the same is used for several tests. Limitations :- Result depend on moisture condition. Skilled expertise are required . Process should be strandised . In some cases , instrument are too costly. Importance of testing :- Non - destructive test helps in testing of quality of concrete of completed structure I.e finished work . With this type of testing it is possible to investigate the crack depth , durability , strength without destructing existing structure . Since this test are non destru...

Foundation:-  It is the lowermost part of structure which provide the base for the superstructure and transmit the load of superstructure to the subsoil without any failure. Purpose of foundation :- To distribute the load of the superstructure over wide area. To provide level surface for building operation . To take the structures deep into the ground to provide stability and to prevent overturning. To minimize the chance of unequal settlement by distributing the load over wide area. Requirements of good foundation:- To distribute the weight of structure over large area ,so as to avoid overloading of the soil beneath. To avoid unequal settlement of the structures To provide a levelled surface for building operation. The foundation take the structure deep into the ground ,thus increase the stability of building and prevents overturning. Types of foundation:-    A) shallow foundation. B) Deep foundation. A) Shallow foundation :- Wa...