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Arrival Of The Europeans In India.

Arrival Of The Europeans In India Arrival of Portuguese In India ( First to come and last to leave ) Why a sea route to India? ● Roman Empire declined in the seventh century ● Arabs rose to power in Egypt and Persia ● This led to the declination of the direct contact between Europe and India (Arabs had become middlemen) ● In 1453, Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks, who were on the ascendant ● Therefore, land and sea routes were under the control of the Arabs Renaissance gripped Europe in the fifteenth century, leading its call for exploration. Simultaneously, they were advancements in the field of ship building, crop rotation, plowing and meat industry. This led to the need for voyages and the requirements of spices respectively. Prince Henry of Portugal (nicknamed, Navigator), Portuguese Royal who supported sea route exploration.   Arrival in India [Note: In 1487, Bartholomew Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope in Africa and sailed up the eastern coast. He was well c
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Resistance against the British before 1857

Resistance against the British before 1857 Causative factors of People’s uprisings : ● Colonial land revenue settlements, heavy burden of new taxes, eviction of peasants from their lands, and encroachments on tribal lands ● Exploitation in rural society coupled with the growth of intermediary revenue collectors,tenants and moneylenders ● Expansion of revenue administration over tribal lands leading to the loss of tribal people’s hold over agricultural and forest land ● Promotion of British manufactured goods, heavy duties on Indian industries, especially export duties, leading to devastation of Indian handloom and handicraft industries  ● Destruction of indegenous industries leading to migration of workers from industry to agriculture, increasing the pressure on land and agriculture ● Rapid changes under the Company rule, which went against the people ● Several zamindars and poligars had lost control over their land due to colonial rule ● Ruin of Indian handicraft industry due to colon

Modern methods of construction.

Modern methods of construction:- A wide variety of modern methods of construction (MMC) techniques and products have been developed that have completely changed the behavior of construction industry from what it was before. This change is amazing and is in the way to bring more and more developments in this sector. What are Modern Methods of Construction? Modern construction methods (MMC) are methods that are developed in construction industry with proper planning and design so that each project reduces the construction time, cost and maintain overall sustainability. The different MMC used in construction field includes: 1) Precast Flat Panel System 2) 3D Volumetric Modules 3) Flat Slab Construction 4) Precast Cladding Panels 5) Concrete Wall and Floors 6) Twin Wall Technology 7) Precast Concrete Foundation 8) Concrete Formwork Insulation  What is precast flat panel system? A precast flat panel (PFP) system is a construction technique that provides an alternative to traditional site-ba

Indian constitution article in hindi

सारे अनुच्छेद एक साथ Indian Constitution Articles:- *********** *अनुच्छेद 1* :- संघ कानाम और राज्य क्षेत्र *अनुच्छेद 2* :- नए राज्यों का प्रवेश या स्थापना *अनुच्छेद 3* :- राज्य का निर्माण तथा सीमाओं या नामों मे परिवर्तन *अनुच्छेद 4* :- पहली अनुसूचित व चौथी अनुसूची के संशोधन तथा दो और तीन के अधीन बनाई गई विधियां *अच्नुछेद 5* :- संविधान के प्रारंभ पर नागरिकता *अनुच्छेद 6* :- भारत आने वाले व्यक्तियों को नागरिकता *अनुच्छेद 7* :-पाकिस्तान जाने वालों को नागरिकता *अनुच्छेद 8* :- भारत के बाहर रहने वाले व्यक्तियों का नागरिकता *अनुच्छेद 9* :- विदेशी राज्य की नागरिकता लेने पर नागरिकता का ना होना *अनुच्छेद 10* :- नागरिकता के अधिकारों का बना रहना *अनुच्छेद 11* :- संसद द्वारा नागरिकता के लिए कानून का विनियमन *अनुच्छेद 12* :- राज्य की परिभाषा *अनुच्छेद 13* :- मूल अधिकारों को असंगत या अल्पीकरण करने वाली विधियां *अनुच्छेद 14* :- विधि के समक्ष समानता *अनुच्छेद 15* :- धर्म जाति लिंग पर भेद का प्रतिशेध *अनुच्छेद 16* :- लोक नियोजन में अवसर की समानता *अनुच्छेद 17* :- अस्पृश्यता का अंत *अनुच्छेद 18* :- उपाधी

Approximate estimate : Method and it's solved numerical - Civil engineering. com

Introduction :  1) An approximate estimate an approximate or rough estimate prepared to obtain the cost of a project in short time.  2) Approximate estimate is required for administrative approval And to study the feasibility of a project.        Whether the new project is beneficial and to study cost - benefit ratio, approximate estimate is necessary.  3) Approximate estimate of any work is prepared for the purpose of information only.  4) It is also called planning estimate and is prepared for the purpose of information only.  Definition - Approximate estimate  Approximate estimate is made to find out an approximate cost in a short time, without taking out actual quantities. This enable the responsible authority to consider the financial aspects of the scheme.  In case commercial projects as irrigation, residential building  , and other similar project which earn revenue income, the probable income may be worked out.  Purpose of approximate estimate :-  1) To give rough idea of the

Penetration test - Test on bitumen.

Crude petroleum obtained from different source contains different portion of different constituents.  Hence, it's properties may differ.  Therefore, to judge their suitability as binders following tests are required. :-  1) Penetration test . * 2) Ductility test.*  3) Softening test.*  4) Viscosity test.*  5) Float test.  6) Specifically gravity test.  7) Flash and fire point test.  8) Spot test.  9) Loss on heating test.  10) Water content test.  1) penetration test ( viscosity test on bitumen)  An indirect measure of viscosity is tie the amount of penetration of a standard needle under standard  conditions, of load time and temperature.  The test measure the hardness or softness of bitumen   in terms of 10mm of the standard needle.                  Fig. Penetrometer apparatus Standard conditions for penetration test:- a) Temperature :- 25° ( test to be performed after sample is kept for one hour in water bath at this temperature)  b) Load on needle :- 100 gm .  c) T

🔴भारत की जनगणना पर आधारित वन लाइनर🔴

🔴भारत की जनगणना पर आधारित वन लाइनर🔴 ➽विश्व जनसँख्या दिवस 11 जुलाई को मनाया जाता है। ➽भारत की जनगणना का विषय संघ सूची में सम्मलित किया गया है। ➽जनसँख्या का अध्ययन डेमोग्राफी कहलाती है। ➽भारतीय संविधान की धारा 246 के अंतर्गत जनगणना का कार्य संघ सरकार को सौंपा गया है। ➽भारत में पहली बार आंशिक जनगणना तात्कालीन गवर्नर लार्ड मेयो के काल में1972 में हुई थी। पोस्ट को सभी ग्रुप में शेयर करें  ➽लार्ड रिपिन दॄारा नियमित प्राधिकृत रूप से 1881 में पहली बार जनगणना करवाई गई। ➽भारत के प्रथम जनगणना आयुक्त हेनरी प्लाउडेन थे। ➽पहली बार जाति आधारित जनगणना1931 में हुई थी। ➽भारत में जनगणना का कार्य गृह मंत्रालय के आधीन महापंजीयक या जनगणना आयुक्त के निर्देश अनुसार होता है। ➽भारत में 1911 - 1921 के दशक में जन्म वृद्धि दर न्यूनतम रही थी, इसीलिये इसे'महविभाजक वर्ष ' कहा जाता है। ➽वर्ष 1951 में जन्म वृद्धि दर अधिकतम रही थी इसीलिये इसे 'लघु विभाजक वर्ष'कहा जाता है ➽स्वतंत्र भारत की पहली जनगणना 1951में हुई थी, इसमें 14 सवाल सम्मलित किये गये थे। ➽भारत की प्रथम पूर्ण कम्प्यूटरीकृत जनगणना वर्ष 2001