#)Principles of planning for residential and public building. Types of principles:- Aspect Prospect Orientation Privacy Circulation Grouping Roominess Furniture requirements Sanitation Elegance Economy Access Architectural composition Climate effect 1) Aspect:- Aspect is defined as the positioning of windows and doors in the external walls to take maximum advantage of natural gift such as sunlight and wind or breeze. 2) prospect:- Prospect means taking advantage of desirable view available from window ,door and balconies, of featured outside the building such as gardens ,lake, sea, river ,hill,etc. 3) orientation:- Orientation means the placement of rooms with reference to the north direction. The same plan can be placed on the plot in various ways to give different orientation. 4) privacy :- There are two principles of privacy A) External privacy. B) Internal privacy. A) External privacy
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design ,construction and maintanance,of the physically and naturally built environment,include public work such as road ,bridge ,canal,airport.