Column :-
A column is a vertical structural member intended to transfer a compressive load. For example , a column might transfer load from ceiling , floor or roof slab , or from a beam ,to a floor or foundation.
Column are typically constructed from material such as stone, brick, block, concrete ,timber ,steel, and so on , which have good compressive strength.
Commonly column also carrying bending moment about one or both of the cross sectional axes . in this article different types of column used in building construction will be discuss.
Types of column in building construction
Column are based on several condition:-
Types of column in building construction
Column are based on several condition:-
- Based on type of reinforcement
- Based on type of loading
- Based on slenderness ratio
- Based on shape
- Based on construction material
Based on type of reinforcement
- Tied column
- Spiral column
- Composit column
1) Tied column :-
This type of column is commonly construction from reinforcement concrete longitudinal reinforcement are confined with closely spaced tie reinforcement. It is estimated that 95℅ of all column in building are tied.
2) Spiral column :-
Spiral column is also construction from reinforced concrete. In this type of column , longitudinal bars are confined within closely spaced and continuously wound spiral reinforcement
Spiral reinforcement provide lateral restrain ( Poisson's effect) and delay axial load failure (ductile).
3) Composite column:-
When the longitudinal reinforcement is in the form of structural steel section or pipe with or without longitudinal bars , it is called as a composite column .
This type of column have high strength with fairly small cross - section , in addition to exhibit good fire performance.
Based on types of loading :-
1)Axially loading column
2) column with uniaxially eccentric loading
3) Column with biaxial eccentric loading.
1) Axially loading column :-
If vertical axial load acts on the centre of gravity of the cross section load , then it is termed as axially loaded column.
Axially loaded column is rare in construction since coinsiding vertical load on the centre of gravity of column cross sectional is not practical .
Interior column of multy storey building wih symmetrical load from floor slab from all side of this type of column.
2) Column with uniaxial eccentric loading :-
When vertical load do not coincide with center of gravity of column cross section but rather act eccentrically either on X or Y axis of the column cross section , then it is called uniaxial eccentric loading.
Column with uniaxial loading are generally encountered in the case of column rigidly connected beam from one side only such as edge column.
3) Column with biaxial eccentric loading
When vertical load do not coincide with center of gravity of column cross sesection and does not rather act eccentrically either on ( X and Y axis) ,then it is called as biaxial eccentric load .
Column with biaxial loading is common in corner of column with beam rigidly connected at right angle at the top of column.
Based on slenderness ratio :-
1) Short column.
2) long column .
1) Short column
If the ratio effective length of the column to the least lateral dimensions is less than 12 ,the column is called as the short column.
A short column fails by crushing ( pure compression failure ).
2) Long column .
A column so slender that it will fail under longitudinal load by bending rather than by crushing and typically having a length of 20 to 30 times the diameter.
Based on shape :-
1) Square or rectangular column
2) Circular column .
3) T - shape column
4) L - shape column
1) square or rectangular column :-
They are generally used in the construction of building , it is much easier to construct and cast rectangular or square column than circular ones because of ease of shuttering and to support it from collapsing due to pressure while the concrete is still in flowable form.
2) Circular column :-
They are specially designed column , which are mostly used in pilling and elevation of the building .
3) L - shape column
Commonly , L shaped column is utilized in the corner of the boundary wall and has similar characteristics of a rectangular or square column .
4) T - shape column .
It is used based on design requirements of a structure . T shaped column is widely used in the construction of bridge.
2) Spiral column :-
Spiral column is also construction from reinforced concrete. In this type of column , longitudinal bars are confined within closely spaced and continuously wound spiral reinforcement
Spiral reinforcement provide lateral restrain ( Poisson's effect) and delay axial load failure (ductile).
3) Composite column:-
When the longitudinal reinforcement is in the form of structural steel section or pipe with or without longitudinal bars , it is called as a composite column .
This type of column have high strength with fairly small cross - section , in addition to exhibit good fire performance.
Based on types of loading :-
1)Axially loading column
2) column with uniaxially eccentric loading
3) Column with biaxial eccentric loading.
1) Axially loading column :-
If vertical axial load acts on the centre of gravity of the cross section load , then it is termed as axially loaded column.
Axially loaded column is rare in construction since coinsiding vertical load on the centre of gravity of column cross sectional is not practical .
Interior column of multy storey building wih symmetrical load from floor slab from all side of this type of column.
2) Column with uniaxial eccentric loading :-
When vertical load do not coincide with center of gravity of column cross section but rather act eccentrically either on X or Y axis of the column cross section , then it is called uniaxial eccentric loading.
Column with uniaxial loading are generally encountered in the case of column rigidly connected beam from one side only such as edge column.
3) Column with biaxial eccentric loading
When vertical load do not coincide with center of gravity of column cross sesection and does not rather act eccentrically either on ( X and Y axis) ,then it is called as biaxial eccentric load .
Column with biaxial loading is common in corner of column with beam rigidly connected at right angle at the top of column.
Based on slenderness ratio :-
1) Short column.
2) long column .
1) Short column
If the ratio effective length of the column to the least lateral dimensions is less than 12 ,the column is called as the short column.
A short column fails by crushing ( pure compression failure ).
2) Long column .
A column so slender that it will fail under longitudinal load by bending rather than by crushing and typically having a length of 20 to 30 times the diameter.
Based on shape :-
1) Square or rectangular column
2) Circular column .
3) T - shape column
4) L - shape column
1) square or rectangular column :-
They are generally used in the construction of building , it is much easier to construct and cast rectangular or square column than circular ones because of ease of shuttering and to support it from collapsing due to pressure while the concrete is still in flowable form.
2) Circular column :-
They are specially designed column , which are mostly used in pilling and elevation of the building .
3) L - shape column
Commonly , L shaped column is utilized in the corner of the boundary wall and has similar characteristics of a rectangular or square column .
4) T - shape column .
It is used based on design requirements of a structure . T shaped column is widely used in the construction of bridge.
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