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Arrival Of The Europeans In India Arrival of Portuguese In India ( First to come and last to leave ) Why a sea route to India? ● Roman Empire declined in the seventh century ● Arabs rose to power in Egypt and Persia ● This led to the declination of the direct contact between Europe and India (Arabs had become middlemen) ● In 1453, Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks, who were on the ascendant ● Therefore, land and sea routes were under the control of the Arabs Renaissance gripped Europe in the fifteenth century, leading its call for exploration. Simultaneously, they were advancements in the field of ship building, crop rotation, plowing and meat industry. This led to the need for voyages and the requirements of spices respectively. Prince Henry of Portugal (nicknamed, Navigator), Portuguese Royal who supported sea route exploration.   Arrival in India [Note: In 1487, Bartholomew Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope in Africa and sailed up the eastern coast. He was well c

Resistance against the British before 1857 Causative factors of People’s uprisings : ● Colonial land revenue settlements, heavy burden of new taxes, eviction of peasants from their lands, and encroachments on tribal lands ● Exploitation in rural society coupled with the growth of intermediary revenue collectors,tenants and moneylenders ● Expansion of revenue administration over tribal lands leading to the loss of tribal people’s hold over agricultural and forest land ● Promotion of British manufactured goods, heavy duties on Indian industries, especially export duties, leading to devastation of Indian handloom and handicraft industries  ● Destruction of indegenous industries leading to migration of workers from industry to agriculture, increasing the pressure on land and agriculture ● Rapid changes under the Company rule, which went against the people ● Several zamindars and poligars had lost control over their land due to colonial rule ● Ruin of Indian handicraft industry due to colon

Modern methods of construction:- A wide variety of modern methods of construction (MMC) techniques and products have been developed that have completely changed the behavior of construction industry from what it was before. This change is amazing and is in the way to bring more and more developments in this sector. What are Modern Methods of Construction? Modern construction methods (MMC) are methods that are developed in construction industry with proper planning and design so that each project reduces the construction time, cost and maintain overall sustainability. The different MMC used in construction field includes: 1) Precast Flat Panel System 2) 3D Volumetric Modules 3) Flat Slab Construction 4) Precast Cladding Panels 5) Concrete Wall and Floors 6) Twin Wall Technology 7) Precast Concrete Foundation 8) Concrete Formwork Insulation  What is precast flat panel system? A precast flat panel (PFP) system is a construction technique that provides an alternative to traditional site-ba